Universality of beamsplitters

Generation of Universal Linear Optics by Any Beamsplitter

In 1994, Reck et al. showed how to realize any unitary transformation on a single photon using a product of beamsplitters and phaseshifters. Here we show that any single beamsplitter that nontrivially mixes two modes, also densely generates the set of unitary transformations (or orthogonal transformations, in the real case) on the single-photon subspace with m ≥ 3 modes. (We prove the same resu...

Any Beamsplitter Generates Universal Quantum Linear Optics

In 1994, Reck et al. [17] showed how to realize any linear-optical unitary transformation using a product of beamsplitters and phaseshifters. Here we show that any single beamsplitter that nontrivially mixes two modes, also densely generates the set of m×m unitary transformations (or orthogonal transformations, in the real case) on m ≥ 3 modes. (We prove the same result for any 2-mode real opti...

Flatness of Dichroic Beamsplitters Affects Focus and Image Quality

Universality of Moses and Jesus` missions comparatively studied in Quran, Old and New Testaments

This article has no abstract.

The Influence of Religiosity on the Social Responsibility of Youth with Mediation Role of the Universality ‌ (Case Study: the Youth between 18 to 29 Years Old from Yasouj City)

The present research was conducted with the aim to sociologically explicate the economic participation among young people in Khalkhal. What is highly important in this research is the necessity to give priority to economic participation. The theories of ideologists such as Rostow, Learner, Marxist and Tok were employed to conduct this research. Meanwhile, survey method and questionnaires were u...